day04-MySQL常用函数01

5.MySQL常用函数5.1合计/统计函数5.1.1合计函数-countcount 返回行的总数
Select count(*)|count (列名) from table_name [WHERE where_definition]

练习
-- 统计一个班级共有几个学生SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student-- 统计数学成绩大于90的学生有多少个SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student WHERE math > 90-- 统计总分大于250的人数有多少个SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student WHERE chinese+english+math> 250count(*) 和 count(列)的区别:
count(*)返回满足条件的记录的行数count(列)统计满足条件的某列有多少个,但是会排除为null的情况
5.1.2合计函数-sumsum函数返回满足where条件的行的和,一般使用在数值列
Select sum(列名) {,sum(列名)...} from tablename [WHERE where_definition]
练习
-- sum函数-- 统计一个班的数学总成绩SELECT SUM(math) FROM student-- 统计一个班语文、英语、数学各科的总成绩SELECT SUM(math),SUM(english),SUM(chinese) FROM student-- 统计一个班语文、英语、数学的成绩总和SELECT SUM(math+english+chinese) FROM student-- 统计一个班级语文成绩平均分SELECT SUM(chinese)/COUNT(*) FROM student注意:
sum仅对数值起作用,否则没有意义
对多列求和,“,” 不能少
5.1.3合计函数-avgavg函数返回满足where条件的一列的平均值
Select avg (列名) {,avg(列名)...} from tablename [WHERE where_definition]
【day04-MySQL常用函数01】练习
-- avg 函数-- 求一个班级数学平均分SELECT AVG(math) FROM student-- 求一个班级总分平均分SELECT AVG(chinese+english+math) FROM student5.1.4 合计函数-Max/minMax/min函数返回满足where条件的一列的最大/最小值
Select max (列名) {,avg(列名)...} from tablename [WHERE where_definition]
练习
-- max和min 函数-- 求班级最高分和最低分SELECT MAX(chinese+english+math),MIN(chinese+english+math)FROM student-- 求班级数学最高分和最低分SELECT MAX(math),MIN(math)FROM student5.1.5分组统计-group by
  • 使用group by子句对列进行分组
SELECT column1,column2,column3... FROM table group by column
  • 使用having子句对分组后的结果进行过滤
SELECT column1,column2,column3... FROM table group by column having ...
练习:
-- 先创建测试表CREATE TABLE dept( /*部门表*/deptno MEDIUMINTUNSIGNEDNOT NULLDEFAULT 0,dname VARCHAR(20)NOT NULLDEFAULT "",loc VARCHAR(13) NOT NULL DEFAULT "");INSERT INTO dept VALUES(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK'),(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS'),(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO'),(40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');SELECT * FROM dept;-- 员工表CREATE TABLE emp(empnoMEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDNOT NULLDEFAULT 0, /*编号*/ename VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT "", /*名字*/job VARCHAR(9) NOT NULL DEFAULT "",/*工作*/mgr MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED ,/*上级编号*/hiredate DATE NOT NULL,/*入职时间*/sal DECIMAL(7,2)NOT NULL,/*薪水*/comm DECIMAL(7,2) ,/*红利 奖金*/deptno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 /*部门编号*/);-- 添加测试数据 INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, '1990-12-17', 800.00,NULL , 20),(7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-2-20', 1600.00, 300.00, 30),(7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-2-22', 1250.00, 500.00, 30),(7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, '1991-4-2', 2975.00,NULL,20),(7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-9-28',1250.00,1400.00,30),(7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839,'1991-5-1', 2850.00,NULL,30),(7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, '1991-6-9',2450.00,NULL,10),(7788, 'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566, '1997-4-19',3000.00,NULL,20),(7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1991-11-17',5000.00,NULL,10),(7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN',7698, '1991-9-8', 1500.00, NULL,30),(7900, 'JAMES','CLERK',7698, '1991-12-3',950.00,NULL,30),(7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST',7566,'1991-12-3',3000.00, NULL,20),(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1992-1-23', 1300.00, NULL,10);SELECT * FROM emp;-- 工资级别#工资级别表CREATE TABLE salgrade(grade MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, /*工资级别*/losal DECIMAL(17,2)NOT NULL, /* 该级别的最低工资 */hisal DECIMAL(17,2)NOT NULL /* 该级别的最高工资*/);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (1,700,1200);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (2,1201,1400);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (3,1401,2000);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (4,2001,3000);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (5,3001,9999);SELECT * FROM salgrade;SELECT * FROM dept;SELECT * FROM emp;# 演示group by + having# GROUP by用于对查询的结果分组统计, having子句用于限制分组显示结果.-- 如何显示每个部门的平均工资和最高工资-- 按照部门来分组查询SELECT AVG(sal),MAX(sal) ,deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;-- 显示每个部门的每种岗位的平均工资和最低工资# 1.先显示每个部门的平均工资和最低工资# 2.再显示每个部门的每种岗位的平均工资和最低工资SELECT AVG(sal),MIN(sal) ,deptno,job FROM emp GROUP BY deptno,job; -- 先按照部门分组,再按照岗位分组-- 显示平均工资低于2000的部门号和它的平均工资# 1.先显示各个部门的平均工资和部门号# 2.再显示平均工资低于2000的(having过滤)SELECT AVG(sal),deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING AVG(sal)<2000-- 也可以使用别名进行过滤,如下:SELECT AVG(sal) AS avg_sal,deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING avg_sal<2000

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