表语从句讲解,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,定语从句,状语从句( 五 )


No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等 。as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反 。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子 。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句 , 宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等) 。
主语从句用作主语,如::
That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的 。
宾语从句用作宾语 。如:
Do you know where he lives?
表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往 。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词 。如:
The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的 。(that从句用于解释说明the fact)
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词 。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains,I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学 。(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow,you will see him. 如果他明天来 , 你就可以看见他 。(if 引导的条件状语从句 , 其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句) 。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来 。
He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了 。(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词 。)
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大声说话,才能让所有人听到你说话 。(目的状语 , 可以由that ,  so that, in order that,lest,for fear that,in case等词引导 。)
Since /As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟,旅行推迟了 。(原因状语从句 , 常用 because, since,as,for fear ( 恐怕 ),seeing that ( 既然 ) ,now that (=since) ,  considering that ( 考虑到 ) 等引导 。)
Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作 。(让步状语从句 , 引导的连词主要有以下这些:though ,  although, as; even if,even though;whether…or…; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever.)
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多 。(地点状语从句,通常由where,wherever引导 。)
As water is to fish,so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水 。(方式状语从句通常由as,(just) as…so… ,  as if, as though引导 。)
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的 。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易 。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语 。如:
I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语 , a teacher 是表语 。

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